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JPR Advance Access published online on December 8, 2006
Journal of Plankton Research, doi:10.1093/plankt/fbl074
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

research-article

Spatial heterogeneity and genetic variation in the copepod Neocalanus cristatus along two transects in the North Pacific sampled by the Continuous Plankton Recorder

Richard R. Kirby1,*, John A. Lindley2 and Sonia D. Batten2

1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK 2 Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK

* Corresponding author: erichard.kirby{at}plymouth.ac.uk

Received on August 24, 2006; revised on October 18, 2006; accepted on November 20, 2006
  Abstract

We present a macrogeographic study of spatial heterogeneity in an important subarctic Pacific copepod and describe the first genetic analysis of population structure using Continuous Plankton Recorder samples. Samples of N. cristatus were collected at a constant depth of ~ 7m from two CPR tow-routes, i) an east-west ~6500 km transect from Vancouver Island, Canada to Hokkaido Island, Japan and, ii) a north-south transect of ~2250 km from Anchorage, Alaska to Tacoma, Washington. Analysis of these samples revealed three features of the biology of N. cristatus. Firstly, N. cristatus undergoes small-scale diel vertical migration that is larger among stages CV-adult (3-6 times more abundant at 7 m at night), than stages CI-CIV (only 2-4 times higher at night). Secondly, while there were no regions where N. cristatus did not appear, each transect sampled a few large-scale macrogeographic patches. Thirdly, an analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA), using a partial sequence of the N. cristatus cytochrome oxidase I gene, revealed that 7.3% (P<0.0001) of the total genetic variation among N. cristatus sampled from macrogeographic patches by the CPR could be explained by spatial heterogeneity. We suggest that spatial heterogeneity at macrogeographic scales may be important in plankton evolution.

Key Words: Evolution • Formalin • DNA • Patch • Population


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