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JPR Advance Access published online on March 24, 2004
Journal of Plankton Research, doi:10.1093/plankt/fbh064
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Received April 16, 2003;
accepted March 2, 2004

Article

Spatial and temporal patterns of sexual reproduction in a hybrid Daphnia species complex

Piet Spaak 1*, Angelika Denk 2, Maarten Boersma 3, and Lawrence J. Weider 4

1 Department of Limnology, EAWAG, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Max-Planck-Institut für Limnologie, Postfach 165, D-24302 Plön, Germany
2 Max-Planck-Institut für Limnologie, Postfach 165, D-24302 Plön, Germany; Research Centre for Ornithology of the Max-Planck-Society, Reproductive Biology and Behaviour, Postfach 1564, D-82305 Starnberg / Seewiesen, Germany. (present address)
3 Max-Planck-Institut für Limnologie, Postfach 165, D-24302 Plön, Germany; Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Postfach 180, 27483 Helgoland, Germany
4 Max-Planck-Institut für Limnologie, Postfach 165, D-24302 Plön, Germany; Department of Zoology and The University of Oklahoma Biological Station, HC-71, Box 205, Kingston, OK 73439, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: spaak{at}eawag.ch.


  Abstract

Evidence for extensive interspecific hybridization among species of the genus Daphnia has been accumulating on a global scale. Although there is evidence for limited gene flow between taxa via hybridization, many species still maintain discrete morphological and molecular characteristics. We studied temporal and spatial patterns of sexual reproduction within the Daphnia galeata-hyalina-cucullata hybrid species complex in a lake (Plu{beta}see), located in Northern Germany. Allozyme electrophoresis allowed us to track seasonal changes in taxon composition as well as the quantification of backcrosses. Sexually-reproducing animals (ephippial females and males) were mainly found in autumn. The simultaneous presence of sexual morphs of D. galeata and D. galeata x hyalina with the dominant D. hyalina taxa makes recent hybridization, as well as backcrossing, plausible. Males and ephippial females of D. hyalina were not backcrossed as were the parthenogenetic females. The low number of sexual clones of the hybrid D. galeata x hyalina might reflect its reduced fertility, although these few clones were detected in high densities. Only hybrid-clones that had a backcross genotype (towards D. hyalina) exhibited ephippial females and males. This indicates that male and ephippial female production within the Daphnia taxa is not random, which might increase the chance for the parental Daphnia species to remain distinct.


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