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JPR Advance Access originally published online on November 30, 2005
Journal of Plankton Research 2006 28(2):149-170; doi:10.1093/plankt/fbi107
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

On the spatial distribution and nearest neighbor distance between particles in the water column determined from in situ holographic measurements

E. Malkiel1, J. N. Abras1, E. A. Widder2 and J. Katz1,*

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 223 Latrobe Hall, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21209, USA and 2 Bioluminescence Department, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA

* Corresponding Author: katz{at}jhu.edu

Received July 11, 2005; accepted in principle September 21, 2005; accepted for publication November 21, 2005; published online November 30, 2005
Communicating editor: K. J. Flynn

A film-based holography system was used in conjunction with instrumentation that detected bioluminescent thin layers to record the spatial distribution of zooplankton and their prey in the Gulf of Maine, USA. The holocamera and instruments were mounted on the Johnson Sea Link (JSL) in a setup that minimized the disturbance to the sample volume. More than 143 holograms were automatically scanned to provide focused images of 5000–10 000 particles and their three-dimensional coordinates in each 894 cm3 sample. The reconstructed volumes provided clear images of intermingling copepods species, nauplii, Pseudonitzschia diatoms and particles in the 10 µm–5 mm size range. Spatial analysis of the nearest neighbor distance (NND) of the smallest particles showed a random distribution, but detritus particles showed small-scale clustering in regions below the pycnocline. A detritus maximum, found several meters below the pycnocline, at 20–30 m, was determined to be caused by fecal pellets in various stages of degradation. This region also contained elevated concentrations of calanoids, cyclopoids and harpacticoids. In one third of the cases, the harpacticoids, Aegisthus sp, were attached to detritus.


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