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JPR Advance Access originally published online on August 18, 2004
Journal of Plankton Research 2004 26(12):1419-1427; doi:10.1093/plankt/fbh129
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Journal of Plankton Research Vol. 26 No. 12 © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved

Zooplankton in the Ligurian Sea: Part II. Exploration of their physical and biological forcing functions during summer 2000

Joseph D. Warren1,5,*, David A. Demer2, Duncan E. McGehee3, Rossella Di Mento4 and J. Fabrizio Borsani4

1 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA, 2 Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8604 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, 3 Bae Systems, 4669 Murphy Canyon Road, San Diego, CA 92123, USA and 4 Istituto Centrale Per La Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica Applicata Al Mare, via di Casalotti 300, 00166, Rome, Italy 5 Present Address: Southampton College, Long Island University, 239 Montauk Highway, Southampton, NY 11968, USA

* Corresponding Author: joe.warren{at}liu.edu

Received July 22, 2002; accepted in principle August 26, 2003; accepted for publication July 19, 2004; published online August 18, 2004

A survey of the biological and physical oceanography of the Ligurian Sea was conducted in the late summer of 2000. Forty-one stations were sampled for nutrients, oxygen, fluorescence and hydrographic information. Acoustic backscatter measurements were used to estimate abundance of small (<5 mm) zooplankton biovolume versus depth and the distribution of northern krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica. Net-tow and underwater video data were collected to identify the zooplankton present. These data were used to analyze the Ligurian Sea ecosystem for physical and biological linkages that control zooplankton abundance and distribution. Results are compared with those from a similar study conducted in 1999. Hydrographic sampling showed a dome of dense water in the southwestern middle of the basin. The highest chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations were measured in this area, while small zooplankton biovolume was evenly distributed throughout the survey. Integrated values of Chl a and small zooplankton biovolume in 2000 were greater than in 1999. Meganyctiphanes norvegica, siphonophores and salps were the dominant components of the macrozooplankton population in the upper 200 m. In the sampled depth strata, siphonophore abundance did not change during the day, while M. norvegica were only caught at night. Acoustic backscatter data show that higher densities of M. norvegica occurred in deeper water and in the western and southwestern areas of the Ligurian Sea.


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