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JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH | VOLUME 8 | NUMBER 5 | PAGES 841-853 | 1986
© Oxford University Press

research-article

Seasonal variations in copepod size: effects of temperature, food abundance, and vertebrate predation

Glenn J. Warren1, Marlene S. Evans, David J. Jude and John C. Ayers

Great Lakes Research Division, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA 1Present address: Division of Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

Received on November 1, 1985; accepted on April 1, 1986 Seasonal dry weights of female and male Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi, Diaptomus ashlandi and Diaptomus minutus were studied in southeastern Lake Michigan during 1975–1981. Smallest animals occurred during summer and early fall, and largest animals in winter and spring, a pattern reported for other copepods. The range of weights for the species and sexes decreased from winter to summer, and converged in summer to a value of approximately 2 µg/animal. Surface water temperature and abundances of young-of-the-year (YOY) fish were inversely correlated with weights of males and females of the three copepod species. Standing stocks of important phytoplankton groups, especially pennate diatoms and flagellates, were positively correlated with copepod weight. Seasonal change of copepod body size appears to be more than simply a function of temperature; seasonal predation by YOY fish may be a factor influencing sizes of adult copepods.


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