JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH | VOLUME 4 | NUMBER 1 | PAGES 143-153 | 1982
© Oxford University Press
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Laboratory determined mortality, fecundity and growth rates of Thalia democratica Forskal and Dolioletta gegenbauri Uljanin (Tunicata, Thaliacea)1
Skidaway Institute of Oceanography P.O. Box 13687, Savannah, GA 31406, USA
Received on June 1, 1980; accepted on June 1, 1981
Laboratory experiments are reported which provide information on culture conditions, mortality, fecundity and growth of Thalia democratica and Dolioletta gegenbauri in relation to simulated environmental conditions. Thaliaceans were maintained in laboratory culture at 20°C. Culture vessels were 2.5 1 glass bottles. Diets consisted of Isochrysis galbana and Peridinium trochoideum, offered alone or together at total concentrations of 0.25 to 0.70 mm3 x 1–1. Laboratory released aggregate stages of Thalia were maintained for one week and gonozooid, phorozooid and oozooid stages of Dolioletta were reared for up to three weeks with daily mortality rates of 5–10%. There was no effect of diet on mortality rate. Thalia did not reproduce sexually but Dolioletta did routinely. Each Thalia solitary released a mean (± SE) of 54 ± 8 aggregates of 1.1–2.1 mm length. Each Dolioletta gonozooid produced 2–6 larvae 0.6–1.2 mm long, and each phorozooid released a mean of 31 ± 11 gonozooids. Aggregate growth was exponential for 7 days, with daily exponential growth coefficients (k) ranging from 0.03–0.36. Gonozooids grew exponentially for 17 days with a range of k from 0.08–0.25, and phorozooids grew exponentially for 5 days with k ranging from 0.17–0.69. There was no effect of food concentration on k. Generation times of Thalia and Dolioletta were estimated to be from 3–6 weeks. These are probably maximum generation times for these two species in the Georgia Bight.
1This manuscript was adapted from a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree, Department of Zoology, University of Georgia, Athens
2Present address: MacLaren Plansearch, P.O. Box 13250, Sta. A, St. Johns, Newfoundland, A1B 4A5, Canada
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