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JPR Advance Access originally published online on June 28, 2008
Journal of Plankton Research 2008 30(10):1079-1093; doi:10.1093/plankt/fbn067
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Morphological, ecological, reproductive and molecular evidence for Leptodiaptomus garciai (Osorio-Tafall 1942) as a valid endemic species

Aideé Montiel-Martínez1, Jorge Ciros-Pérez1,*, Elizabeth Ortega-Mayagoitia1 and Manuel Elías-Gutiérrez2

1 Proyecto de Investigación en Limnología Tropical, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 314, 54090 Tlalnepantla, Edo. Méx., México 2 El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Km 2 Carretera Chetumal-Bacalar, Av. Centenario Km 5.5, 77900 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México

* CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: ciros{at}servidor.unam.mx or ciros{at}uv.es

Received on December 22, 2007; revised on June 17, 2008; accepted on June 26, 2008


  Abstract

The aim of this work is to elucidate the biological and taxonomic status of a copepod from a hyposaline lake originally described as Diaptomus garciai but later synonymized with the freshwater Leptodiaptomus novamexicanus. We compared parapatric populations of L. novamexicanus s. l., from the deep Lake Alchichica (hyposaline and oligotrophic) and from temporary ponds (freshwater and hypereutrophic), using morphological analyses, molecular markers, ecophysiological tests (salinity tolerance) and inter- and intrapopulation breeding trials. Morphological analysis showed slight but consistent differences among the freshwater (specific conductivity at 25°C K25=: 440 µS cm–1) and hyposaline (K25 = 13 300 µS cm–1) populations. Fitness of copepods from Lake Alchichica was dramatically reduced at salinities lower than 4.5 g L–1 (K25 = 8100 µS cm–1). The opposite was true for the freshwater populations which were not able to survive, grow or reproduce at salinities higher than 2.5 g L–1 (K25 = 4680 µS cm–1). Interbreeding was not observed between individuals from freshwater and brackish populations. Additionally, there was an important divergence in nucleotide sequence variation (mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I) between L. garciai and the freshwater populations (KP2: 4.4–8.4%). Based on ecological specialization, reproductive isolation, morphological and molecular divergence, we conclude that L. garciai is a different biological species from L. novamexicanus and a valid taxon.

Corresponding editor: Roger Harris


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