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JPR Advance Access originally published online on September 8, 2005
Journal of Plankton Research 2005 27(9):923-935; doi:10.1093/plankt/fbi067
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Relative strength of resource and predation limitation of heterotrophic nanoflagellates in a low-productive sea area

Johnny Berglund1,2,*, Kristina Samuelsson1,2,{dagger}, Tomas Kull3, Umut Müren1,2 and Agneta Andersson1,2

1 Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Marine Ecology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden, 2 Umeå Marine Science Centre, SE-910 20 Hörnefors, Sweden and 3 Department of Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland {dagger} Present Address: Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden

* Corresponding Author: johnny.berglund{at}emg.umu.se

Received July 10, 2005; accepted in principle August 25, 2005; accepted for publication September 5, 2005; published online September 8, 2005
Communicating editor: K.J. Flynn

The magnitude of resource and predation limitation of heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) was studied in two short-term enclosure experiments performed in a low-productive sea area in the northern Baltic Sea in 2001. A cross-factorial design was used to simultaneously assess the relative importance of the two factors. Resource limitation was removed by adding bacteria, and predation limitation was eliminated by selective filtration. The first experiment was performed in June just after the spring bloom decline and the second in September at the end of the productive season. Resource limitation prevailed during both experiments, contributing to 60% of the net growth increase in June and 74% in September. Removal of predators had a significant effect only in June. Evidence for simultaneous resource and predation limitation was thus found only during the post-bloom situation. The results were applied to a model on resource and predation control of HNF abundances. To evaluate seasonal differences, field data on HNF and bacteria from a whole year study were applied to the model. Except for a few occasions during spring, the model indicated prevailing resource control of HNF at two locations with slightly different productivity.


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