JPR Advance Access originally published online on May 26, 2004
Journal of Plankton Research 2004 26(9):1049-1057; doi:10.1093/plankt/fbh097
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Journal of Plankton Research Vol. 26 No. 9 © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved
The combined effects of temperature and food supply on Calanus sinicus in the southern Yellow Sea in summer
1 Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071 and 2 Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
* Corresponding Author: xmpu{at}ms.qdio.ac.cn
Received January 15, 2004; accepted in principle April 7, 2004; accepted for publication May 11, 2004; published online May 26, 2004
The effects of temperature and food availability on the life history strategy of the planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus in the southern Yellow Sea in summer were studied in this paper. The fifth copepodite stage (CV) dominates the population in the central part of the southern Yellow Sea, where the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM) occurs below the thermocline. Incubation experiments were conducted on CV C. sinicus caught from the YSCWM to examine the effects of temperature and food availability. Temperature at the surface (27°C) is lethal to CVs regardless of food availability. At the temperature in the middle of the thermocline (18°C), survival time of the specimens depends on food availability, being 
20 days in treatments without extra food supply. At the temperature in the YSCWM (9°C), most animals survive at the end of 27 day incubation even in treatments without food supply. Developmental rate of CVs at 9°C without extra food supply is extremely low. The increase of either temperature or food supply promotes the developmental rate of CVs. According to these results, the surface layers with high temperature and low food abundance are detrimental for the survival and reproduction of C. sinicus. Low temperature and low food availability in the YSCWM help CV to maintain a much lower developmental rate and higher survival rate. The ecological trait of C. sinicus in the southern Yellow Sea in summer cannot be sufficiently explained solely by the effects of temperature.
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