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JPR Advance Access originally published online on May 6, 2004
Journal of Plankton Research 2004 26(8):859-874; doi:10.1093/plankt/fbh082
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Journal of Plankton Research Vol. 26 No. 8 © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved

Larval stages of Stenocionops furcatus (Olivier, 1791) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majoidea) and a reappraisal of larval morphological characters for Mithracidae

William Santana*, Fernando Marques1 and Gerhard Pohle2

Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Caixa Postal 510, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil, 18618-000, 1 Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Caixa Postal 11461, 05422-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil and 2 Huntsman Marine Science Centre, St Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada, E5B 2L7

* Corresponding Author: santana{at}ibb.unesp.br

Received on July 21, 2003; accepted on March 29, 2004; published online May 6, 2004

Stenocionops furcatus is a spider crab found in the western Atlantic, from Georgia, USA to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, on sand, coral, rocks or mud bottoms from the intertidal zone to 180 m. We describe all laboratory-reared larval stages of S. furcatus obtained from the northern coast of São Paulo State, Brazil, and compare our data with existing larval descriptions for the genus and other mithracids. The larval development of S. furcatus consists of two zoeal stages and one megalopa. The durations of the first and second zoeal stage were ~4 and 5 days respectively, the megalopa appearing 10–18 days after hatching. Our results show that the zoeae of S. furcatus differ from those of other Mithracidae by possessing four setae on the proximal lobe of the coxal endite of the maxilla, instead of five, and by the presence of mid-dorsal setae on the third abdominal somite in the second zoeal stage, which are lacking in other mithracids. Larval descriptions for Stenocionops in two previous publications were attributed to the subspecies S. furcatus coelatus from the Caribbean. Larvae from Brazilian waters closely resemble one of these accounts, suggesting that this taxon extends beyond the West Indies and that the other description represents larvae of S. furcatus furcatus. Additional morphological details, not available previously, are provided.


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