JPR Advance Access originally published online on October 11, 2004
Journal of Plankton Research 2004 26(12):1369-1377; doi:10.1093/plankt/fbh155
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Journal of Plankton Research Vol. 26 No. 12 © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved
HORIZONS |
How to assess toxin ingestion and post-ingestion partitioning in zooplankton?
1 School of Marine Science and Technology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Ridley Building, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK, 2 Environment Canada, National Water Research Institute, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7R 4A6 and 3 University of Calgary, Division of Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
* Corresponding Author: swatson{at}ucalgary.ca; sue.watson{at}ec.gc.ca
Received August 17, 2004; accepted in principle August 25, 2004; accepted for publication October 6, 2004; published online October, 2004
ABSTRACT
Algal toxins can have severe impacts on marine and aquatic ecosystems and often bioaccumulate through the food chain. One of the major obstacles facing research in this area is the lack of standardized and realistic techniques with which to probe algalgrazer interactions. Here we present a synopsis on current and innovative techniques which can be used to monitor the ambient concentration and fate of algal toxins in grazers and determine their eventual target within the grazers tissues. We focus on a newly recognized class of oxylipin toxins (volatile polyunsaturated aldehydes and oxo-acids), which have been identified from lipid-rich microalgae. While some workers have reported that these biotoxins have negative effects on fecundity and recruitment of metazoan grazers, this mechanism is currently under debate as a result of conflicting evidence. We argue that the use of a variety of non-standard and often invalid or unrealistic assays has confounded our ability to scrutinize this mechanism systematically.
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