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Journal of Plankton Research Vol.23 no.11 pp.1195-1206, 2001
© Oxford University Press 2001

Active bacteria (CTC+) in temperate lakes: temporal and cross-system variations

Morten Søndergaard and Mads Danielsen

Freshwater Biological Laboratory, University Of Copenhagen, Helsingørgrade 51, Dk-3400 Hillerød, Denmark

Corresponding Author: MSONDERGAARD{at}ZI.KU.DK

The temporal variation in the abundance and proportion of highly respiration-active bacteria in the eutrophic lakes Esrum and Frederiksborg Slotssø was determined with the redox dye 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC). In addition, a comparative late summer study was undertaken across a gradient of nutrient enrichment in Danish lakes. The purpose was to investigate the importance of substrate (chlorophyll) and temperature for the control of CTC-active cells (CTC+). The abundance of CTC+ cells was much lower and more variable than the total number of cells counted after 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. The proportion of CTC+ cells in Lake Esrum and Frederiksborg Slotssø was normally <5%, and between 2.5 and 20% in 14 other lakes. The abundance as well as the proportion of CTC+ cells increased with chlorophyll in Lake Esrum and Frederiksborg Slotssø, and chlorophyll explained 43% of the variability in CTC+ abundance. In the comparative study, the abundance of CTC+ cells increased along the chlorophyll gradient, which explained 49% of the variability. The results showed that the abundance and, to a lesser degree, the proportion of CTC+ bacteria were controlled by substrate supply. One consequence of the low abundance of active bacteria is that in situ growth rates scaled to CTC+ cells are 3- to 7-fold higher than those scaled to DAPI counts. It is suggested that studies on factors controlling bacterioplankton activity at the single-cell level should be investigated scaled to active cells.


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