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JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH | VOLUME 20 | NUMBER 5 | PAGES 817-829 | 1998
© Oxford University Press


research-article

Gut repletion during diel vertical migration in the benthopelagic crustacean Eurydice truncata Norman, 1868 (Isopoda, Cirolanidae)

Claude Macquart-Moulin

Université de la Méditerranée, Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille UMR CNRS 6540 DIMAR, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Case 901, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France

Received on June 15, 1997; accepted on December 1, 1997 The sand-burrowing isopod Eurydice truncata migrates from the benthos up to the neuston layer during the night. The gut contents of vertical migrant animals sampled in nocturnal neuston hauls off the Mediterranean coast of France were examined. The hauls were performed, on the one hand, from dusk to dawn, at a single station on the shelf and another on the slope, and, on the other hand, in the middle of the night, at various stations from the inner shelf to the slope. In shelf waters, the percentage rate of filled guts increased quickly after dusk and had reached almost 100% after 3 h of darkness. Isopods feed on living neustonic animals, preferably immobilized or passive living matter such as insects trapped at the surface or fish spawn. During the night, the gut contents gradually became more compact, and the remains of prey became less identifiable. The dry weight of the compacted gut contents of a single adult averages 0.50 mg, including 0.26 mg of organic carbon. At dawn, the downward migration leads to this neustonic matter being vertically transferred from thesurface layer to within the sediment. A decrease in the animal's level of gut fullness occurs from inshore to offshore waters; this decrease in the feeding activity might generate a high rate of mortality in animals advected to slope water.

Résumé. L'isopode fouisseur Eurydice truncata migre du benthos jusqu'en surface durant la nuit Les contenus stomacaux d'animaux prélevés dans le plancton de surface durant lanuit ont été examines. Les péches étaient effectuées du crepuscule á l'aube, dans une méme station du plateau et de la pente continentale, en milieu de nuit dans les diverses stations d'une radiale littoral-pente continentale. Sur le plateau, le taux d'estomac contenant de la nourriture augmente trés rapidement aprés le crepuscule, atteignant prés de 100% aprés trois heures d'obscurité. Les Isopodes se nourissent au dépens des animaux present dans l'hyponeuston et preférentiellement sur la matiére vivante immobilisé ou passive comme les insectes piégés en surface et les oeufs de poisson. Les contenus stomacaux, lâches en debut de nuit, deviennent par la suite de plus en plus compactés, les debris de proies devenant indistincts. Chezl'adulte le poids sec d'un contenu stromacal en état compacté s'éléve en fin de nuit a 0,50 mg, le carbone organique représentant 0,26 mg. A l'aube, la migration descendante conduit a un transfert de cette quantité de matiére neustonique de la surface jusqu'á l'intérieur du sediment. Le transfert pourrait atteindre en certaines zones, lorsque les populations de l'Isopode sont denses, plusieurs centaines de kg par km2. Une diminution du taux de repletion stomacal est observsupede la zone interne du plateau a la pente continentale; cette décroissance de l'activité trophiqueest susceptible d'engendrer un taux de mortalité élevé chez les animaux déplaces par les courants superficiels de la zone neritique vers la zone bathyale.


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