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JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH | VOLUME 19 | NUMBER 12 | PAGES 1993-2030 | 1997
© Oxford University Press

research-article

Statolith shape and microstructure in studies of systematics, age and growth in planktonic paralarvae of gonatid squids (Cephalopoda, Oegopsida) from the western Bering Sea

Alexander I. Arkhipkin and Vyacheslav A. Bizikov1

Atlantic Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (AtlantNIRO) 5 Dm. Donskoy Street, Kaliningrad, 236000, Russia 1Russian Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO) 17a V.-Krasnoselskaya Street, Moscow, 107140, Russia

Received on March 4, 1997; accepted on August 18, 1997 The microstructure, morphology and ontogenetic development of statoliths and age and growth of 405 planktonic paralarvae and 117 juveniles belonging to 10 species of gonatid squids (Cephalopoda, Oegopsida) were studied in the region of the continental slope in the western part of the Bering Sea (57°00'–61°30'N, 163°00'E–179°20'W). The statolith microstructure of all species was characterized by the presence of a large droplet-shaped nucleus and bipartite postnuclear zone divided into two by the first stress check, except for Berryteuthis magister which had only one stress check and an undivided postnuclear zone. In Gonatus spp., completion of development of the postnuclear zone coincided with full development of the central hook on the tentacular club. Daily periodicity of statolith growth increments was validated by maintaining 13 paralarvae of the four most abundant species in captivity. All species might be subdivided into two groups based on statolith microstructure, i.e. species with a central position of the nucleus within the first statolith check (Gonatopsis spp., Egonatus tinro and B.magister) and species with the nucleus shifted to the inner side of the first statolith check (Gonatus spp.). Comparative analysis of statolith morphology showed that paralarval statoliths have species-specific characters that allowed the construction of keys to identify species of gonatid paralarvae based on their statoliths. Analysis of paralarval growth using statoliths revealed that these cold-water planktonic gonatid paralarvae have fast growth rates, attaining a mantle length of 7–10 mm at 15–20 days and 20–25 mm at 35–70 days.


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