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JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH | VOLUME 19 | NUMBER 1 | PAGES 125-139 | 1997
© Oxford University Press

research-article

Grazing and nutrient influences of Daphnia and Eudiaptomus on phytoplankton in laboratory microcosms

Karl O. Rothhaupt1

Max-Planck-Institute for Limnology, Physiological Ecology Department Postfach 165, D-24302 Plön, FRG

Received on April 24, 1996; accepted on September 5, 1996

In two experiments, top-down and bottom-up influences of the herbivorous crustaceans Daphnia pulicaria and Eudiaptomus grac$$$loides on phytoplankton were compared in laboratory microcosms. In a long-term experiment (63 days), both grazers were able to establish populations. The Daphnia population exerted stronger grazing pressure, whereas Eudiaptomus fed more selectively. Daphnia retained relatively more phosphorus (P) and thus caused algal P limitation; with Eudiaptomus as a grazer, both nitrogen (N) and P remained limiting. In a short-term experiment (1 day), N and P release rates and algal-specific grazing rates by both consumers were measured. In this experiment, the increase in concentrations of soluble mineral nutrients ({Delta}NH4:{Delta}SRP) also supported the notion that Daphnia mobilized relatively less P than Eudiaptomus. Dry weight-specific grazing patterns did not differ greatly in this experiment. The present experiments and data from the literature suggest that Daphnia populations influence phytoplankton communities not only by the strong grazing pressure they are able to exert, but also by immobilizing large proportions of mineral nutrients (mainly P) within their biomass.

1 1 Present address: Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, Postfach 5560, D-78434 Konstanz, FRG


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