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JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH | VOLUME 16 | NUMBER 3 | PAGES 255-289 | 1994
© Oxford University Press

research-article

Revision of the genus Stentor Oken (Protozoa, Ciliophora) and description of S.araucanus nov. spec, from South American lakes

W. Foissner and S. Wölfl1

1Universitat Konstanz, Limnologisches lnstitut PO Box 5560, D-78464 Konstanz, FRG Universität Salzburg, institut f{diaeresis}r Zoologie Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria

Received on July 25, 1993; accepted on November 13, 1993 Stentor is a heterolrich ciliate which often forms lawn-like covers on the bottom and/or blooms in the pelagial of lakes worldwide. The species involved in these spectacular events were usually either not determined or misidentified because the keys are outdated and incomplete. Thus, we have revised the nominal species described since the first major revision by Ehrenberg (1838). Main species characteristics are the presence/absence of symbiotic algae, the shape of the macronucleus and the colour of the cortical pigment granules. The last character mentioned must be studied in live cells because the pigment bleaches in chemically fixed specimens. Nineteen valid species are recognized and dichotomously keyed according to these characteristics. Twenty-seven other species and varieties, described after Ehrenberg's revision, are synonyms or species indeterminata A new species. S.araucanus, is described from South American lakes. It is a small, broadly trumpet-shaped Stentor with symbiotic algae, vermiform macronucleus and blue-green cortical granules. Stentor araucanus is probably euplanktic and restricted to the southern hemisphere. Stentor auriculalus Kahl. 1932 sensu Wang (1934) is recognized as a new species, Condylostoma wangi, and transferred to the genus Condylostoma. New nomenclatural corrections: Stentor baicalius nom. nov. (pro S.pygmaeus, preoccupied). S loricatiis nom. corr. (for S.loricata), S.ruber nom. corr. (for S.ruhra).


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