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JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH | VOLUME 14 | NUMBER 9 | PAGES 1217-1231 | 1992
© Oxford University Press

research-article

Symbiotic associations among the microplankton in oligotrophic marine environments, with special reference to the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea

B. Kimor, N. Gordon1 and A. Neori1

Technion—Israel institute of Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering Haifa 3200 1Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, National Center for Mariculture P.O. Box 1212, Eilat 88112, Israel

Received on September 12, 1991; accepted on March 27, 1992 Instances of symbiotic consortia in the microplankton of highly oligotrophic seas are discussed on the basis of case studies and long-term observations off the Israeli coast of the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, and the inshore and offshore waters of the Eastern Mediterranean. Associations described include diatoms with filamentous cyanophytes, diatoms with protozoans, tintinnids with attached or encrusted diatoms, and acantharians with algal endosymbionts. Noted among the case studies is the frequent occurrence of the endosymbiont cyanophyte Richelia inrracellularis, capable of molecular nitrogen fixation, in diatoms, including three species of Hemiaulus. For one of these associations, seemingly with Hemiaulus sinensis, this is the first photographic record. The consortia are considered in relation to their seasonal distribution in depth profiles from the northern end of the Gulf of Aqaba, and in relation to their occurrence in the Eastern Mediterranean and also worldwide in similar environments. These aspects and the easily identifiable symbiotic nature of the consortia described herewith make them useful as indicator species of warm water oligotrophic seas.


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